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Joseph Banks Rhine
Joseph Banks Rhine (September 29, 1895 – February 20, 1980), usually known as J. B. Rhine, was an American botanist who founded scientific research in parapsychology as a branch of psychology, founding the parapsychology lab at Duke University, the ''Journal of Parapsychology'', the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man, and the Parapsychological Association. Rhine wrote the books ''Extrasensory Perception'' and ''Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind''.
==Early life and education==
Joseph Banks Rhine was the second child of five children born to Samuel Ellis Rhine and Elizabeth Vaughan Rhine in Waterloo, Juniata County, Pennsylvania. Samuel Rhine had been educated in a Harrisburg business college, had taught school and later been a farmer and merchant. The family moved to Marshallville, Ohio, when Joseph was in his early teens.〔Denis, Brian. (1982). ''The Enchanted Voyager''. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice–Hall〕
He was educated at Ohio Northern University and the College of Wooster, after which he enlisted in the Marine Corps, and was stationed in Santiago. Afterwards, he enrolled at the University of Chicago, where he received his master's degree in botany in 1923 and a Ph.D. in botany in 1925.〔(Joseph Banks Rhine: 1895–1980 ) ''American Journal of Psychology'', December 1981, Vol. 94, No. 4, pp. 649–653.〕 While there, he and his wife were impressed by a May 1922 lecture given by Arthur Conan Doyle exulting the scientific proof of communication with the dead. Rhine later wrote, "This mere possibility was the most exhilarating thought I had had in years."〔〔Joseph Rinn. (1950). ''Sixty Years of Psychical Research: Houdini and I Among the Spirits''. Truth Seeker Company.〕
He taught for a year at Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, in Yonkers, New York. Afterwards, he enrolled in the psychology department at Harvard University, to study for a year with Professor William McDougall. In 1927, he moved to Duke University in Durham, North Carolina to work under Professor McDougall. Rhine began the studies that helped develop parapsychology into a branch of science; he looked at parapsychology as a branch of "abnormal psychology."
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